Carmen: great music, lousy geography

My Pedant self can't believe nobody else appears to have noticed this somewhere on the Web, but... I'm just back from an excellent Carmen at West Bay Opera, but, throughout it (except when Bizet's wondrous music, so well played and sung, just swept my pedantry away for a while!), I couldn't help being troubled by its plot's obvious imprecision regarding the geography of Spain.

Consider: Carmen takes place in Sevilla -- Micaela is coming to meet Don José there (presumably on foot? but, even if she was riding, or on a carriage, that wouldn't change much...) from their native village in Navarra, and claim it's a day trip ("demain je verrai votre mère", "I'll see your mother tomorrow", she tells José -- and said mother is back in said village). Sevilla is in Southern Spain, Navarra in the far North thereof... 912 km by road between Sevilla and Pamplona (the latter being the largest town in Navarra), according to Google Maps.

I also suspect that the mountains on which the smugglers are in the 3rd act are meant to be the Pyrenees, not the Sierra Morena which is reasonably close to Sevilla, simply because it's not clear where you'd be smuggling to and from over the Sierra Morena -- Andalucía to Extremadura? I doubt there were customs officers patroling that administrative border, given that both regions were and are part of the same country, Spain; however, I am not certain about that... it would just go well with the misconception that Sevilla and Navarra are very close to each other (Navarra, of course, is in fact on the Pyrenees).

So I'm disappointed with Meilhac and Halévy, the librettistas -- even though I absolutely adore them for their authorship of so many of Offenbach's best librettos. I revere Halévy and Meilhac when they play fast and loose with geography for good reason -- as in Offenbach's "Les Brigands", ``at the border between Spain and Italy'' (;-)... but in Carmen, they seem to have simply been sloppy and careless -- really unforgivable for two stalwart of the Académie Française!!!

Pedantry: assure, ensure, insure

My (beloved) local (print!) newspaper publishes today (10/13) an article (also available online at http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_10711901?IADID=Search-www.mercurynews.com-www.mercurynews.com) claiming that (my emphasis) "To assure continued fiscal security, Kane thinks local officials need to build stronger relationships with state representatives.". Isn't the added value of print newspapers vs blogs supposed to be good copy-editing?! And yet, here they are at least as bad as any unedited blog could possibly be. I'm crying.

A concise explanation can be found e.g. at http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/assure.html : "To “assure” a person of something is to make him or her confident of it. According to Associated Press style, to “ensure” that something happens is to make certain that it does, and to “insure” is to issue an insurance policy.". I can understand hesitation between "ensure" and "insure" (AP has it right, but not everybody agrees on that), but to misuse "assure" as if it meant "ensure", as the quoted newspaper article just did, is simply unforgivable.

Scientists and Engineers

I've been described, on occasion, as a computer scientist. This is incorrect: I'm not a scientist, I'm an engineer.

Not only is my degree in Engineering, not Science: I'm an engineer to the core, because I am thrilled by making things that are useful far more than I am about discovering truths about Nature -- the latter is fine, don't get me wrong!, a wonderful pursuit, and indispensable to keep pushing our civilization forwards in the long run, but -- as my own personal pursuit, it doesn't get my heart pulsing faster, make me sit upright, make my eyes shine, anywhere as much as the making of useful things does.

I would say I'm kind of a typical engineer: just like, say, Leonardo da Vinci, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Antoine de Saint-Exupery (he couldn't actually get his engineering degree, but, he tried!), Rowan Atkinson (of "Mr Bean"'s fame), ...

Python tips: the right way to show errors

I've lost count of how many times I've seen Python code like this...:

logging.error("Unknown user '%s' for '%s'"
             % (username, resourcename))

This error-showing code has two problems:

1. logging.error and other such functions do the formatting for you -- so don't duplicate their work! So, the first level of fixing is to change the call into:
   

   
   logging.error("Unknown user '%s' for '%s'",
                 username, resourcename)
   

   
   


2. any time you're displaying a string that's somehow "in error" (not just in calls to logging functions, but also when instantiating an exception, etc), use %r, not %s! This way, if the problem is that the string contains "invisible" characters, you'll see them clearly displayed as escape sequences, while %s might hide those characters, making debugging much harder. So, the second (and final;-) level of fixing is to further change the call into:
   

   
   logging.error("Unknown user %r for %r",
                 username, resourcename)
   

   
   

Upper-class vs Lower/Middle-class English

I'm watching Branagh's "Henry V" with my wife, and (after I expressed my absolute awe at Emma Thomson's acting skill... all actors in that movie are good, Thomson upstages them all - she's AWESOME!) we stopped midway through (getting too late) and briefly discussed the play's famous structure. After the obvious notice of the alternation between "upper class" scenes (featuring kings, princes and dukes) and the "lower/middle class" ones (with corporals and, at best, lieutenants), I idly remarked how much easier it was for me (a foreigner who studied English as a second or third language -- it's debatable whether I studied more English, or French!) to follow the dialogue in the "upper-class" parts, than the others...

Well, guess what: Anna's exactly the other way 'round -- SHE follows the "lower or middle class" dialogue much better than the higher-class one! She, of course, is Minnesota (heart of the Midwest) born and bred... MY English comes mostly through Milton, Swift, Sterne, Smith, Franklin, Poe, Melville, Hardy, Shaw, Conrad, &c... HERS, though she IS uncommonly well-read for an American, comes mostly through the organic, word-of-mouth, generation-to-generation "normal" process of language transmission...

...and, it appears, the subset of English best transmitted by highbrow "culture" (e.g. to foreign-born students like me) is QUITE different from that which best survives through "natural" means (to native-born speakers) -- and the "class distinction" is just what one would expect! Reminds me of the way Latin came into Italian through two similarly separate channels: the spoken-word natural one (which e.g. made gold into "oro", laurel into "alloro", &c) AND the "high culture" mostly-written one (which gives us such words as "aureo", golden, and "laurea", the university degree traditionally celebrated with laurel crowns).

The change of classic high-class diphthong "AU" into common-speech "O" is well attested even in late-Republic Rome -- e.g. the member of the ancient Claudius family who went for unstinting populism signaled that by changing his name to Clodius!-) -- so that's a particularly good example;-). However, this general kind of distinction (between high-culture, mostly-written transmission of language, and normal-people, mostly-spoken one) is VERY common in all languages, and English, this most wonderful and most mongrel of languages, is no exception;-).

The Pedant Reigns

Robert Reich is always worth reading, content-wise... but I'd have to unsubscribe from his blog if I couldn't lower my blood pressure by venting when he slaughters the beautiful English language! In his latest post, he (rightly, content-wise) reminds the reader how the GSEs "blocked any attempt to reign in the risks". Robert, it's REIN IN, not REIGN IN.

Reins (no G in it) are what you control a horse with, and by analogy they're used to indicate such control (as in the idiom you mis-used); it comes from Vulgar Latin "RETINA", constraint, from "RETINERE", to constrain (from "re-tinere", literally "to hold again"); close cognates in English include "retain" and "retinue".

A reign (with a G) is the period during which a certain monarch is on the throne, that monarch's authority and dominion, his or her rule; it comes from Latin "REGNUM", kingdom or reign, related to "REGULARE", ``to rule''; deep down, it coms from Proto-Indo-European root *reg-, just like your own surname, and a wide variety of words such as "right", "rich", "Raja", "rector", "erect", "royal", "realm", "rule", ... which got into English through many different routes.

It IS unfortunate that these unrelated words, rein and reign, ended up in English with the same pronunciation, very similar spelling, and even vaguely cognate meanings...!-). But PLEASE think of their differences, and let your readers focus on the very important and relevant messages you're sending (in this latest blog, about the horrors of the GSEs, Fanny and Freddie, based on private profits but socialized losses), rather than risk apoplexy over your usage of English... THANKS!

PIL on Mac OS X 10.5 with Google App Engine

I have recently opened a couple of issues on the Google App Engine tracker: 685 about installing PIL on Mac OS X 10.5, which is harder than GAE's docs make it out to be, and 695 about actually getting it to work with the wonderful GoogleAppEngineLauncher (so you can run locally GAE apps that use the images API), which requires some trick. So I just thought it might be useful to somebody else who uses Mac OS 10.5 and GAE if I summarized the necessary steps and workarounds.

GAE docs claim that "Installing PIL on Mac OS X 10.4 and 10.5 can be completed in a few simple steps", but if you just follow the steps they suggest, on 10.5, the PIL installer will refuse to install -- the installer was written for 10.4 and it does not recognize the "stock" Python that comes with the OS for 10.5. As Matt Kangas has posted, before you run the PIL installer, you need to make a symlink:

cd /Library/Frameworks
sudo ln -s /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/ Python.framework

He also suggests placing in your .bashrc

export PYTHONPATH=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/site-packages/

The latter environment variable (I placed it in .profile) is indeed sufficient to let you use PIL from a Terminal session, including one in which you run dev_appserver.py from the symlink that GAE installation places (if you allow it to) in /usr/local/bin. However...

Once you've done all of this, the GoogleAppEngineLauncher still won't let you use PIL (and, therefore, it will disable the images API in the GAE apps it runs locally), because it doesn't know about your .bashrc or .profile! You need to find another way to extend Python sys.path's appropriately. The simplest way is to make a file named PIL.pth with a single-line content:

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/site-packages

and place that PIL.pth in any of the directories that all Python processes see; in my case, I used /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/ -- but that directory is not available in a pristine installation of Mac OS X 10.5 so you may have to use some other directory.

This post is (I hope!) only of temporary usefulness, as it will be superseded when the PIL installer is rebuilt to properly support Mac OS X 10.5 (or, if that installer is never rebuilt, this post can still be made obsolete by the tiniest fix to GAE and its docs to close the issues I've mentioned above!), but, in the meantime, HTH!